Pleurotus species, commonly known as oyster mushrooms, are the third largest cultivated mushrooms in the world. If we can use the NPC as a mushroom substrate, the cost will decrease relative to oak wood chips, PC, or other sawdust sources. The main cost is the freight, which is about 400 to 800 RMB per ton according to the distance. However, the NPC is usually burned or abandoned in the forest, which is underutilized. The average price of oak chips ranges from 600 to 1200 RMB per ton in China. massoniana chips (NPC) as a substrate for edible mushroom cultivation. However, to date no studies have investigated the use of nematode-infected P. 9 We thus hypothesized that it might be possible to cultivate mushrooms directly on the dead wood. massoniana wood is lower than that in healthy Pinus trees. 1 The content of pine rosin in dead nematode-infected P. pulmonarius, grow normally and form fruiting bodies on fungus-treated coniferous wood. Indeed, fungal species in the genus Pleurotus, including P. 1 However, it has been shown that edible fungi can be cultivated on coniferous wood substrates after an initial inoculation with fungi, such as Aureobasidium spp., Ceratocystis spp., and Ophiostoma piliferum, that decompose pine rosin. 7,8 Sawdust from coniferous trees is not commonly utilized, because, due to the rosin present in pine trees, most fungi are unable to colonize coniferous wood directly. Traditionally, mushrooms are primarily cultivated on woodchips derived from broad-leaved trees such as poplar trees (poplar chips, PC) and fruit trees. 6 However, at present, the spread of pinewood nematode infection is primarily inhibited by cutting down and burning infected trees. Pinewood nematode infections result in large numbers of nematode-infected Pinus massoniana trees. 6 Pinus massoniana is one of the dominant tree species in various southern Chinese provinces, including Chongqing, Sichuan, and Yunnan. 5 The areas affected by pine wilt disease caused by pinewood nematode, as well as the number of dead trees, have increased significantly in recent years. Outbreaks of the invasive pinewood nematode have led to huge ecological and economic losses in China. 4 At present, this disease threatens nearly 60 million hectares of pine trees in China. 3 In China, pine wilt has spread rapidly since the discovery of the pinewood nematode in Nanjing in 1982. 2 Pine wilt originated in North America and then spread to Asia and Europe. 1 Pine wilt, a destructive disease affecting pine trees, is caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. 1 Introduction Pine trees, one of the most common coniferous groups worldwide, have considerable economic and ecological value. Thus, NPC represents a new substrate suitable for P. The fatty acid content was closely associated with the NPC content, which might indicate that NPC promoted fatty acid accumulation. The fruiting bodies contained 12 fatty acids, of which linoleic acid was the most abundant (82.36%–84.03%), followed by palmitic acid (6.42%–6.89%) and oleic acid (5.50%–7.34%). Across the 11 substrate formulas tested, the total sugar, polysaccharide, crude protein, and crude lipid contents were 16.60–28.90%, 2.71–3.73%, 36.49–45.42%, and 1.03–4.34%, respectively. Substrate T5 (45% NPC, 6% CC, and 27% CH) had the greatest yield (121.38 g per bag), 34.56% greater than the yield of the control (78% poplar chips), which was 79.43 g per bag. However, the addition of certain amounts of corncobs (CC) and cottonseed hulks (CH) improved the yield. The results indicated that NPC was suitable for P. The effects of different substrate formulas on nutritional parameters, including total sugars, polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and fatty acids were assessed. In this study, we investigated the use of nematode-infected Pinus massoniana chips (NPC) as the main ingredient in Pleurotus abieticola substrate.
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